Novel analytical methods has made it possible to analyze many mycotoxins simultaneously. Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium sporotrichioides are producers of the HT2 and T2 toxins ( Thrane et al., 2004). culmorum are important producers of DON, ZEA, and nivalenol, the latter may also be produced by F. The mycotoxins of greatest concern include the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, and HT2/T2, and the oestrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA Bottalico and Perrone, 2002). Many Fusarium species are capable of producing mycotoxins, in some cases also in absence of severe disease symptoms. In this review, we use the term “FHB species complex” to refer to the Fusarium species associated to FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals.įusarium fungi can in addition to FHB cause other diseases in cereals during their life cycle including seedling blight, root rot and Fusarium crown rot (FCR Parry et al., 1995 Kazan et al., 2012). Often, several Fusarium species are present simultaneously, and may interact with each other, influencing disease development and mycotoxin production. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium poae, and Fusarium avenaceum are considered to be most common ( Xu et al., 2008 Becher et al., 2013). Globally, Fusarium graminearum is considered the predominant causal species of FHB ( Starkey et al., 2007 Summerell et al., 2010). The predominant species varies with region and climate. Several different Fusarium species are associated with FHB. The disease results in reduced yields and mycotoxin contamination of the grain. Future studies are needed to clearly link microbiome structure to Fusarium suppression in order to develop novel disease management strategies for example based on conservation biological control approaches.įusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide.

The knowledge on the composition of the cereal microbiome under different environmental and agricultural conditions is growing. A better mechanistic understanding of such multiple infections is necessary to be able to predict the outcome in terms of disease development and mycotoxin production. Further, infection with multiple Fusarium species has been shown to affect disease severity and mycotoxin contamination. Surveying the total Fusarium community in environmental samples is now facilitated with novel metabarcoding methods. Although annual and regional variations in predominant species are significant, much research has focused on Fusarium graminearum. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the cereal microbiome and the implications for Fusarium infection, FHB development, disease control, and mycotoxin contamination.

Recent studies have provided a map of the cereal microbiome and revealed how different biotic and abiotic factors drive microbiome assembly. There are interactions between Fusarium and other fungi and bacteria as well as among Fusarium species.

Fusarium fungi may interact with the host microbiome at multiple stages during their life cycles and in different plant organs including roots, stems, leaves, heads, and crop residues. In this review, we address the significance of the cereal microbiome for the development of Fusarium-related diseases. Lately, the importance of interactions between plant pathogens and the plant microbiome has been increasingly recognized. A number of Fusarium species are involved in disease development and mycotoxin contamination. The fungal genus Fusarium causes several diseases in cereals, including Fusarium head blight (FHB).

Blight definition russian